Political System: Aklan Province Islands Philippines
Late 16th-century accounts such as Miguel de Loarca’s and an
anonymous manuscript now referred to as the Boxer Codex say that
traditional Panayanon government was headed by the Datu, who, as
head of a sakup, was the judge in matters of dispute, the protector
and defender, and a feudal lord. His subjects were called sinakpan,
whose property he appropriated when they died. Any of the datu’s
sons could claim succession; hence, warfare could erupt among brothers
competing for the throne. Or the disgruntled brother of a newly
installed datu could start his own sakup.
A class of warriors called timawa owed fealty to the datu. Their
main function was to protect the datu, including tasting his wine
for poison. They accompanied him on raids and were on familiar terms
with him. They themselves were descendants of datu, the first-generation
timawa having been the illegitimate sons of the datu and slave women.
Often the Hilt of the "Talibong" or machette distinguished
the rank of the holder and identifies him as head or official official
of the sinakup. The rest of the sinakpan were the oripun, who economically
and politically supported the datu and timawa, as the latter two
did not engage in agricultural or industrial activity.
Legislative decisions by the datu were done publicly and with the
guidance of the ponu-an, a council of elders knowledgeable in matters
of custom law. Although law was handed down by tradition, amendments
could be made with the consensus of the other datus. The datu decided
on a case after listening to the sworn testimony of the conflicting
parties. All crimes, including murder and disobedience to the datu,
were punishable by fines, which could be paid for with servitude.
Folk history considers the Maragtas Code, also known as the Sumakwelan
Code, as the earliest legal system. It covered aspects of human
behavior and relationships, such as property rights, inheritance,
contracts, and family relations. Village criers, called umalahokan,
rang a bell to call the people to a gathering place where the datu’s
message was announced. To this day, the system of calling the townspeople
to assembly is practiced in the rural areas. The punishment for
the violation of laws was varied: humiliation, forced labor, shipping,
drowning, and burning.
Aklan province was created under Republic Act 4979. It is classified
as a fourth-class province according to income. A governor, vice-governor,
and a provincial board administer the province. Aklan has one seat
in Congress. (RR’s Philippine Almanac 1990:136-137).
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Breakfast Philippines Cuisine
A traditional Filipino breakfast might include pandesal (small bread rolls), kesong puti (white cheese), champorado (chocolate rice porridge), sinangag (garlic fried rice), and meat—such as tapa, longganisa, tocino, karne norte (corned beef), or fish such as daing na bangus (salted and dried milkfish)—or itlog na pula (salted duck eggs). Coffee is also commonly served particularly kapeng barako, a variety of coffee produced in the mountains of Batangas noted for having a strong flavor.
More details at Breakfast Philippines Cuisine Philippines: Capitals and Major Centers
Metro Manila, in Luzon, is the capital and principal centre of government, business, commerce and education.
Metro Manila is composed of four cities and 13 municipalities which cover 630 square kilometres.
Baguio is located in the Cordillera Mountains in northern Luzon five hours from Manila and is the summer capital of the country.
Philippines: Capitals and Major Centers |
